the history of itinerant glassworkers

Tag: featured glassworkers

Visit the Deakin glass blowers in Sarasota, Florida

During the mid-20th century, several glassblowing families set up shop in the state of Florida. Among them were John and Grace Deakin, who ran a store on US Route 41 in Sarasota. Close to other attractions including Horn’s Cars of Yesterday and the Ringling Art Museum,1 the Deakins demonstrated lampworking to curious visitors for free, six days a week, 9am-5pm.

The Deakins’ brochure promised “A rare opportunity to see the ancient art of free hand Bohemian glass blowing.” Once inside, visitors could see “rock crystal and beautiful colored glasses transformed into lovely gifts that are completely exclusive, yet moderately priced.”

Location

The Deakins’ small shop was located on North Tamiami Trail, the southern part of US Route 41. Running parallel to Sarasota Bay, the road was littered with tourist attractions, including the aforementioned Horn’s Cars of Yesterday and the Ringling Art Museum, the winter home of the Ringling family, the Circus Hall of Fame, an arts and crafts colony, a reptile farm and zoo, and the Sarasota Jungle Gardens, among others. Those arriving at the Sarasota-Bradenton Airport or driving through town could stop for a few hours or a few days to amuse themselves. The Deakin’s store was a modest building with large glass windows and signs to entice those driving by. No doubt the lack of an entry fee brought more than a few people through their doors. John claimed they saw 40,000 visitors each year.

Featured glassworkers

Once inside, visitors could see John and Grace Deakin making ships with delicate rigging, long-necked herons, elegant pitchers, and a range of miniature furniture perfect for a dollhouse. John learned glassworking from his first wife’s family, the Howells, during the Depression. He and Nona Deakin (née Howell) demonstrated lampworking from their home studio in New Jersey. After her death, John married Grace and relocated to Sarasota. The two opened The Glass Blowers shop to the public soon after.

Although not listed on the brochure, the Deakins’ son, John Robert, also worked in the family business. He began lampworking at the age of 12 and kept at it through high school. Their daughter, Kathrine, never learned to lampwork, but ran the store for several years after their parents died in the 1980s. She sold glass made by her father before his death, but without live glassworking, most tourists lost interest in the attraction. In the end, she sold the store and it was converted into a restaurant. Today the site is a parking lot for a Goodwill store.

The Deakins are a prime example of those mid-20th century lampworkers who began to settle down and attach themselves to tourist destinations, as opposed to going on tour. They still demonstrated lampworking and sold handmade glass, but they took a different sort of risk than the previous generation: they depended on their customers traveling to see them rather than traveling to the customers.


See Woodroffe’s glass blowers for a short time only

Science, art, skill, and beauty! All were on display in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in April 1880. Woodroffe’s Original Bohemian Glass Blowers enticed potential customers inside with a window display of glass objects then dazzled them with lampworking demonstrations and their working glass steam engine, Fairy Queen.

Newspaper ad for woodroffe troupe in harrisburgh, pennsylvania

April 14, 1880 advertisement for Woodroffe’s Original Bohemian Glass Blowers in the Harrisburg Telegraph. Source: Newspapers.com

The Woodroffe brothers – George, Charles, and William – had a major impact on the itinerant glassworker trade. Among other things, they were some of the first to travel with troupes of glassworkers rather than alone or in pairs. Their many groups traveled around the United States and the world during the 50+ years they were active, making them some of the best-known glassworkers of the period. This particular troupe was led by William Woodroffe, the youngest brother.

Location

Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania, was dominated by the steel and railroad industries in the late 19th century. In 1880, census takers recorded more than 30,000 people living in the city.2 Woodroffe and his troupe set up their lampworking exhibition near the Susquehanna River at 109 Market Street, in a building previously used by Patterson’s Carpet Store. Today, the spot holds Dauphin County buildings, but 140 years ago it was close to the intersection of two street cars – likely a location where many people came and went.

After they closed their exhibition in mid-April, they traveled to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and then on to Reading, Pennsylvania.

Featured glassworkers

Aside from Woodroffe himself and agent Clarence King, it is unclear who was in the group at this time. Based on contemporary advertisements, possible members include Edwin Hopkins and Will Brown.

Show highlights

For 15 cents, spectators received an “elegant present” and the chance to see Woodroffe’s troupe in action. Once again, the advertisement is short on details, but articles about the troupe from the period provide some insights. An article in The Daily Union-Leader describes watching a troupe member “twist, blow, contract, expand, and otherwise put [glass] into ingenious shape.”3 Another article from the Harrisburg Telegraph states, “The wonderful manner in which these skilled glass blowers can manipulate the brittle substance is well worth a visit to see.”4

Of course, a major draw would have likely been the glass steam engine, Fairy Queen. The troupe claimed this engine was the largest steam-powered glass model in existence, and that it had been on display at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Woodroffe brothers did have at least three steam engines on display at that particular world’s fair, although surviving advertisements identify those models as the Crystal Gem, the Australasia, and Excelsior. It is possible they added the Fairy Queen at a later date, although – considering that any number of other troupes claimed the same history for their glass engines – it is equally possible that Woodroffe’s troupe is stretching the truth to bolster interest in their show.


Madam Nora and her original troupe of glass blowers

What comes to mind when you hear the name Madam Nora? Perhaps a woman, draped in colorful fabrics and jangling bracelets, reading a fortune over a crystal ball or channeling spirits at a seance?

Nora Allen, popularly known as Madam Nora,5 was a traveling entertainer who used glass in her act, but there were no thumping chairs or dire predictions. Instead, she conjured fantastical sculptures made of glass, like the animals and ships pictured on this broadside for Madam Nora’s Original Troupe of Glass Blowers, Glass Spinners, and Glass Workers. Allen led this troupe of itinerant glassworkers for several decades as they traveled around the Northeastern United States.

broadside with text describing Madam Nora's troupe and their demonstrations. The broadside also features an image of Madam Nora surrounded by lampworked animals and models and another image of her son, William Allen, holding a ship he has made.

Madame Nora’s Original Troupe of Glassblowers. 1876? Collection of the Rakow Research Library, The Corning Museum of Glass, CMGL 132079.

Featured glassworkers

The broadside advertised a show in April (possibly 1876) featuring Allen; Mr. Oliver Lock [sic], “the prince of glass blowers”; Mr. Wm. Allen, “the youngest and most talented artist before the public”; Prof. Thos. Edwards, “glass worker and descriptive lecturer”; and Mr. T.J. Jordan, “glass spinner and weaver”; along with manager Alfred Seabury. Allen was billed as “the only lady glass artist in the profession” (not quite true, but we’ll get to that in a minute).

Nora Allen’s troupe is a good example of two trends in the itinerant glassworker business. First, she employed family members, namely William Allen (her son) and Alfred Seabury (her second husband). Later, when William married, her daughter-in-law Adalorra also joined the troupe.

A second trend was the movement of artisans between troupes. Oliver Locke was a member of The Great Bohemian Troupe of Fancy Glass Blowers before joining Allen’s troupe, and later led his own group of glassworkers on tour.

Show highlights

Curiosity seekers could pay 15 cents to see Allen’s troupe demonstrate lampworking techniques including glass spinning, blowing, and weaving. They would also see the “art” of silvering glass. If this show followed later examples of the troupe’s exhibitions, each glassworker would demonstrate a particular skill for the audience.

General Garfield, the troupe’s glass steam engine, was on display and in motion. As an added bonus, Saturday’s entertainment included a baby show (a contest to decide the town’s most beautiful baby). What more could a 19th-century entertainment seeker want?

Women in charge

While the show boasted an impressive lineup, perhaps the most interesting detail appears in tiny type at the bottom of the broadside. Not only was Nora Allen the group’s headliner, she was also the “Sole Proprietress,” an unusual role in an era when women had limited rights and career opportunities.

detail of broadside showing Madam Nora as the sole proprietress

As mentioned above, Allen was not the first or only woman glassworker in the business, but it is possible that she was the first to lead her own troupe. Others that followed her example include Madam J. Reith and Madam Anderson.

Allen and her troupe continued to tour for several more decades. The troupe’s lineup changed over the years, but Allen remained the headliner until they disbanded. Thanks to the survival of this broadside, part of Allen’s remarkable story is preserved.

A version of this post was originally published on the Corning Museum of Glass blog on June 24, 2015.


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